20 bet casino
Home>>20 bet casinopostado por tmac-consulting.com
20 bet casino:💰 Inscreva-se em tmac-consulting.com e descubra o tesouro das apostas! Ganhe um bônus especial e inicie sua busca pela fortuna! 💰
Resumo:
A Federação Portuguesa de Boxe anunciou em 9 de março de 2018 que a entidade está a preparar um novo📈 acordo de parceria com o UFC e anunciou a construção do "Exame Legends".
Em 4 de maio, foram realizadas eleições para📈 o cargo de vereador de Lisboa com o mandato a ser realizado pelo Partido Socialista, que conseguiu ser o candidato📈 preferido, apesar de estar impedido numa votação da coligação Aliança Renovadora Nacional (Arena).
A eleição ficou marcada para 8 de junho📈 de 2018, e a chapa mais votada foi a Aliança Renovadora Nacional
pelo Partido Socialista.
Na Câmara Municipal de Lisboa contou com📈 uma votação unânime do Partido Socialista em 31 de outubro de 2018, para substituir Joaquim Barbosa da Fonseca, que já📈 havia sido eleito deputado pelo PRN em 2010.
Quando eu fiz isto, ele pegou dois pistolas, e ele disse: 'Vadia! Ele é louco.
Por favor, você sabe que sou👄 ladrão?'" "Pensei que eu era o culpado e eu estava com ele", declarou em entrevista à "Forbes", "porque era para👄 mim uma boa chance de ganhar dinheiro e tudo".
O Festival de Salzburgo (em sueco "Fulfest and
Famine"), também conhecido como "Fulfest👄 Festival", é também conhecido como "festival da Juventude, que ocorre desde 1992" (na altura em que a 20 bet casino festividade se👄 estende de 1999 até 2007).
É uma competição de música, dança, teatro, dança de rua e teatro, além do livre-a-escolha e👄 livre-sessions.
Team sport played with a spherical ball
"Soccer" redirects here.
For other uses, see Soccer (disambiguation)
Association football, more commonly known as football9️⃣ or soccer,[a] is a team sport played between two teams of 11 players each, who primarily use their feet to9️⃣ propel a ball around a rectangular field called a pitch.
The objective of the game is to score more goals than9️⃣ the opposing team by moving the ball beyond the goal line into a rectangular-framed goal defended by the opposing team.
Traditionally,9️⃣ the game has been played over two 45-minute halves, for a total match time of 90 minutes.
With an estimated 2509️⃣ million players active in over 200 countries and territories, it is the world's most popular sport.
The game of association football9️⃣ is played in accordance with the Laws of the Game, a set of rules that has been in effect since9️⃣ 1863 and maintained by the IFAB since 1886.
The game is played with a football that is 68–70 cm (27–28 in)9️⃣ in circumference.
The two teams compete to get the ball into the other team's goal (between the posts and under the9️⃣ bar), thereby scoring a goal.
When the ball is in play, the players mainly use their feet, but may use any9️⃣ other part of their body, except for their hands or arms, to control, strike, or pass the ball.
Only the goalkeepers9️⃣ may use their hands and arms, and only then within the penalty area.
The team that has scored more goals at9️⃣ the end of the game is the winner.
Depending on the format of the competition, an equal number of goals scored9️⃣ may result in a draw being declared, or the game goes into extra time or a penalty shootout.[5]
Internationally, association football9️⃣ is governed by FIFA.
Under FIFA, there are six continental confederations: AFC, CAF, CONCACAF, CONMEBOL, OFC and UEFA.
Of these confederations, CONMEBOL9️⃣ is the oldest one, being founded in 1916.
National associations (e.g.
The FA or JFA) are responsible for managing the game in9️⃣ their own countries both professionally and at an amateur level, and coordinating competitions in accordance with the Laws of the9️⃣ Game.
The most senior and prestigious international competitions are the FIFA World Cup and the FIFA Women's World Cup.
The men's World9️⃣ Cup is the most-viewed sporting event in the world, surpassing the Olympic Games.
[6] The two most prestigious competitions in European9️⃣ club football are the UEFA Champions League and the UEFA Women's Champions League, which attract an extensive television audience throughout9️⃣ the world.
Since 2009, the final of the men's tournament has been the most-watched annual sporting event in the world.[7]Name
Association football9️⃣ is one of a family of football codes that emerged from various ball games played worldwide since antiquity.
Within the English-speaking9️⃣ world, the sport is now usually called "football" in Great Britain and most of Ulster in the north of Ireland,9️⃣ whereas people usually call it "soccer" in regions and countries where other codes of football are prevalent, such as Australia,[8]9️⃣ Canada, South Africa, most of Ireland (excluding Ulster),[9] and the United States; in Japan, the game is also primarily called9️⃣ sakkā (サッカー), derived from "soccer".
A notable exception is New Zealand, where in the first two decades of the 21st century,9️⃣ under the influence of international television, "football" has been gaining prevalence, despite the dominance of other codes of football, namely9️⃣ rugby union and rugby league.[10]
The term soccer comes from Oxford "-er" slang, which was prevalent at the University of Oxford9️⃣ in England from about 1875, and is thought to have been borrowed from the slang of Rugby School.
Initially spelled assoccer,9️⃣ it was later reduced to the modern spelling.
[11] This form of slang also gave rise to rugger for rugby football,9️⃣ fiver and tenner for five pound and ten pound notes, and the now-archaic footer that was also a name for9️⃣ association football.
[12] The word soccer arrived at its final form in 1895 and was first recorded in 1889 in the9️⃣ earlier form of socca.[13]History
Kicking ball games arose independently multiple times across multiple cultures.
[b] Phaininda and episkyros were Greek ball games.
[15][16]9️⃣ An image of an episkyros player depicted in low relief on a stele of c.
375–400 BCE in the National Archaeological9️⃣ Museum of Athens[14] appears on the UEFA European Championship trophy.
[17] Athenaeus, writing in 228 CE, mentions the Roman ball game9️⃣ harpastum.
Phaininda, episkyros and harpastum were played involving hands and violence.
They all appear to have resembled rugby football, wrestling and volleyball9️⃣ more than what is recognizable as modern football.
[18][19][20][21][22][23] As with pre-codified mob football, the antecedent of all modern football codes,9️⃣ these three games involved more handling the ball than kicking it.[24][25]
The Chinese competitive game cuju (蹴鞠, literally "kick ball"; also9️⃣ known as tsu chu) resembles modern association football.
[26] Cuju players could use any part of the body apart from hands9️⃣ and the intent was to kick a ball through an opening into a net.
During the Han dynasty (206 BCE –9️⃣ 220 CE), cuju games were standardised and rules were established.
[18] Other East Asian games included kemari in Japan and chuk-guk9️⃣ in Korea, both influenced by cuju.
[27][28] Kemari originated after the year 600 during the Asuka period.
It was a ceremonial rather9️⃣ than a competitive game, and involved the kicking of a mari, a ball made of animal skin.
[29] In North America,9️⃣ pasuckuakohowog was a ball game played by the Algonquians; it was described as "almost identical to the kind of folk9️⃣ football being played in Europe at the same time, in which the ball was kicked through goals".[30]
Association football in itself9️⃣ does not have a classical history.
[17] Notwithstanding any similarities to other ball games played around the world, FIFA has described9️⃣ that no historical connection exists with any game played in antiquity outside Europe.
[31] The history of football in England dates9️⃣ back to at least the eighth century.
[32] The modern rules of association football are based on the mid-19th century efforts9️⃣ to standardise the widely varying forms of football played in the public schools of England.
The "Laws of the University Foot9️⃣ Ball Club" (Cambridge Rules) of 1856
The Cambridge rules, first drawn up at the University of Cambridge in 1848, were particularly9️⃣ influential in the development of subsequent codes, including association football.
The Cambridge rules were written at Trinity College, Cambridge, at a9️⃣ meeting attended by representatives from Eton, Harrow, Rugby, Winchester and Shrewsbury schools.
They were not universally adopted.
During the 1850s, many clubs9️⃣ unconnected to schools or universities were formed throughout the English-speaking world to play various forms of football.
Some came up with9️⃣ their own distinct codes of rules, most notably the Sheffield Football Club, formed by former public school pupils in 1857,[33]9️⃣ which led to the formation of a Sheffield FA in 1867.
In 1862, John Charles Thring of Uppingham School also devised9️⃣ an influential set of rules.[34]
These ongoing efforts contributed to the formation of The Football Association (The FA) in 1863, which9️⃣ first met on the morning of 26 October 1863 at the Freemasons' Tavern in Great Queen Street, London.
[35] The only9️⃣ school to be represented on this occasion was Charterhouse.
The Freemasons' Tavern was the setting for five more meetings of The9️⃣ FA between October and December 1863; the English FA eventually issued the first comprehensive set of rules named Laws of9️⃣ the Game, forming modern football.
At the final meeting, the first FA treasurer, the representative from Blackheath F.C.
, withdrew his club9️⃣ from the FA over the removal of two draft rules at the previous meeting: the first allowed for running with9️⃣ the ball in hand; the second for obstructing such a run by hacking (kicking an opponent in the shins), tripping9️⃣ and holding.
Other English rugby clubs followed this lead and did not join the FA, and instead in 1871 formed the9️⃣ Rugby Football Union.
The eleven remaining clubs, under the charge of Ebenezer Cobb Morley, went on to ratify the original thirteen9️⃣ laws of the game.
[35] These rules included handling of the ball by "marks" and the lack of a crossbar, rules9️⃣ which made it remarkably similar to Victorian rules football being developed at that time in Australia.
The Sheffield FA played by9️⃣ its own rules until the 1870s, with the FA absorbing some of its rules until there was little difference between9️⃣ the games.[36]
The world's oldest football competition is the FA Cup, which was founded by the footballer and cricketer Charles W.
Alcock,9️⃣ and has been contested by English teams since 1872.
The first official international football match also took place in 1872, between9️⃣ Scotland and England in Glasgow, again at the instigation of Alcock.
England is also home to the world's first football league,9️⃣ which was founded in Birmingham in 1888 by Aston Villa director William McGregor.
[37] The original format contained 12 clubs from9️⃣ the Midlands and Northern England.[38]
Laws of the Game are determined by the International Football Association Board (IFAB).
[39] The board was9️⃣ formed in 1886[40] after a meeting in Manchester of the Football Association, the Scottish Football Association, the Football Association of9️⃣ Wales, and the Irish Football Association.
FIFA, the international football body, was formed in Paris in 1904 and declared that they9️⃣ would adhere to the Laws of the Game of the Football Association.
[41] The growing popularity of the international game led9️⃣ to the admittance of FIFA representatives to the IFAB in 1913.
The board consists of four representatives from FIFA and one9️⃣ representative from each of the four British associations.[42]
For most of the 20th century, Europe and South America were the dominant9️⃣ regions in association football.
The FIFA World Cup, inaugurated in 1930, became the main stage for players of both continents to9️⃣ show their worth and the strength of their national teams.
[43] In the second half of the century, the European Cup9️⃣ and the Copa Libertadores were created, and the champions of these two club competitions would contest the Intercontinental Cup to9️⃣ prove which team was the best in the world.[44]
In the 21st century, South America has continued to produce some of9️⃣ the best footballers in the world,[45] but its clubs have fallen behind the still dominant European clubs, which often sign9️⃣ the best players from Latin America and elsewhere.
[43][45] Meanwhile, football has improved in Africa, Asia and North America,[45] and nowadays,9️⃣ these regions are at least on equal grounds with South America in club football,[46] although countries in the Caribbean and9️⃣ Oceania regions (except Australia) have yet to make a mark in international football.
[47][48] When it comes to national teams, however,9️⃣ Europeans and South Americans continue to dominate the FIFA World Cup, as no team from any other region has managed9️⃣ to even reach the final.[43][45]
Football is played at a professional level all over the world.
Millions of people regularly go to9️⃣ football stadiums to follow their favourite teams,[49] while billions more watch the game on television or on the internet.
[50][51] A9️⃣ very large number of people also play football at an amateur level.
According to a survey conducted by FIFA published in9️⃣ 2001, over 240 million people from more than 200 countries regularly play football.
[52] Football has the highest global television audience9️⃣ in sport.[53]
In many parts of the world, football evokes great passions and plays an important role in the life of9️⃣ individual fans, local communities, and even nations.
Ryszard Kapuściński says that Europeans who are polite, modest, or humble fall easily into9️⃣ rage when playing or watching football games.
[54] The Ivory Coast national football team helped secure a truce to the nation's9️⃣ civil war in 2006[55] and it helped further reduce tensions between government and rebel forces in 2007 by playing a9️⃣ match in the rebel capital of Bouaké, an occasion that brought both armies together peacefully for the first time.
[56] By9️⃣ contrast, football is widely considered to have been the final proximate cause for the Football War in June 1969 between9️⃣ El Salvador and Honduras.
[57] The sport also exacerbated tensions at the beginning of the Croatian War of Independence of the9️⃣ 1990s, when a match between Dinamo Zagreb and Red Star Belgrade degenerated into rioting in May 1990.[58]
Women's association football has9️⃣ historically seen opposition, with national associations severely curbing its development and several outlawing it completely.
Restrictions started to be reduced in9️⃣ the 1970s and the first official women's World Cup[c] was the 1991 FIFA Women's World Cup in China with only9️⃣ 12 teams from the respective six confederations.
By the 2019 FIFA Women's World Cup in France, this had increased to 249️⃣ national teams, and a record-breaking 1.
12 billion viewers watched the competition.
[59]Women may have been playing football for as long as9️⃣ the game has existed.
Evidence shows that a similar ancient game (cuju, or tsu chu) was played by women during the9️⃣ Han dynasty (25–220 CE), as female figures are depicted in frescoes of the period playing tsu chu.
[60] There are also9️⃣ reports of annual football matches played by women in Midlothian, Scotland, during the 1790s.[62][63]
North team of the British Ladies', the9️⃣ first organised women's football team, here pictured in March 1895
Association football, the modern game, has documented early involvement of women.
[63]9️⃣ In 1863, football governing bodies introduced standardised rules to prohibit violence on the pitch, making it more socially acceptable for9️⃣ women to play.
[64] The first match recorded by the Scottish Football Association took place in 1892 in Glasgow.
[62] In England,9️⃣ the first recorded game of football between women took place in 1895.
[64] Women's football has traditionally been associated with charity9️⃣ games and physical exercise, particularly in the United Kingdom.[65]
The best-documented early European team was founded by activist Nettie Honeyball in9️⃣ England in 1894.
It was named the British Ladies' Football Club.
Honeyball is quoted as, "I founded the association late last year9️⃣ [1894], with the fixed resolve of proving to the world that women are not the 'ornamental and useless' creatures men9️⃣ have pictured.
I must confess, my convictions on all matters where the sexes are so widely divided are all on the9️⃣ side of emancipation, and I look forward to the time when ladies may sit in Parliament and have a voice9️⃣ in the direction of affairs, especially those which concern them most.
"[66] Honeyball and those like her paved the way for9️⃣ women's football.
However, the women's game was frowned upon by the British football associations and continued without their support.
It has been9️⃣ suggested that this was motivated by a perceived threat to the "masculinity" of the game.[67]
Women's football became popular on a9️⃣ large scale at the time of the First World War, when female employment in heavy industry spurred the growth of9️⃣ the game, much as it had done for men 50 years earlier.
The most successful team of the era was Dick,9️⃣ Kerr Ladies F.C.
of Preston, England.
The team played in one of the first women's international matches against a French XI team9️⃣ in 1920,[68][69] and also made up most of the England team against a Scottish Ladies XI in the same year,9️⃣ winning 22–0.[62]
Despite being more popular than some men's football events, with one match seeing a 53,000 strong crowd in 1920,[70][71]9️⃣ women's football in England suffered a blow in 1921 when The Football Association outlawed the playing of the game on9️⃣ association members' pitches,[72] stating that "the game of football is quite unsuitable for females and should not be encouraged".
[73] Players9️⃣ and football writers have argued that this ban was, in fact, due to envy of the large crowds that women's9️⃣ matches attracted,[71] and because the FA had no control over the money made from the women's game.
[73] The FA ban9️⃣ led to the formation of the short-lived English Ladies Football Association and play moved to rugby grounds.[74]
Young Finnish girls football9️⃣ team of Kolarin Kontio in Piteå, Sweden, in 2014
Association football continued to be played by women since the time of9️⃣ the first recorded women's games in the late 19th century.
[65][75] In December 1969, the Women's Football Association was formed in9️⃣ England,[65][76] and in 1971, Union of European Football Associations (UEFA) members voted to officially recognise women's football.
[65] Also in 1971,9️⃣ The Football Association rescinded the ban that prohibited women from playing on association members' pitches.
[76] In the late 1960s and9️⃣ early 1970s, women's association football was organised in the United Kingdom, eventually becoming the most prominent team sport for British9️⃣ women.
[65] Women's football also faced bans in several other countries, notably in Brazil from 1941 to 1979,[77] in France from9️⃣ 1941 to 1970,[78] and in Germany from 1955 to 1970.[79]
Women's football still faces many struggles, but its worldwide growth[80] has9️⃣ seen major competitions being launched at both the national and international levels, mirroring the men's competitions.
The FIFA Women's World Cup9️⃣ was inaugurated in 1991 and has been held every four years since,[81] while women's football has been an Olympic event9️⃣ since 1996.
[82] North America is the dominant region in women's football, with the United States winning most FIFA Women's World9️⃣ Cups and Olympic tournaments.
Europe and Asia come second and third in terms of international success,[83][84] and the women's game has9️⃣ been improving in South America.[85]Gameplay
One half of a professional football match (45 minutes) between Slovenian clubs NK Nafta 1903 and9️⃣ NK Dob.
The result after the half is 0–0.
Association football is played in accordance with a set of rules known as9️⃣ the Laws of the Game.
The game is played using a spherical ball of 68–70 cm (27–28 in) circumference,[86] known as9️⃣ the football (or soccer ball).
Two teams of eleven players each compete to get the ball into the other team's goal9️⃣ (between the posts and under the bar), thereby scoring a goal.
The team that has scored more goals at the end9️⃣ of the game is the winner; if both teams have scored an equal number of goals then the game is9️⃣ a draw.
Each team is led by a captain who has only one official responsibility as mandated by the Laws of9️⃣ the Game: to represent their team in the coin toss before kick-off or penalty kicks.[5]
The primary law is that players9️⃣ other than goalkeepers may not deliberately handle the ball with their hands or arms during play, though they must use9️⃣ both their hands during a throw-in restart.
Although players usually use their feet to move the ball around, they may use9️⃣ any part of their body (notably, "heading" with the forehead)[87] other than their hands or arms.
[88] Within normal play, all9️⃣ players are free to play the ball in any direction and move throughout the pitch, though players may not pass9️⃣ to teammates who are in an offside position.[89]
During gameplay, players attempt to create goal-scoring opportunities through individual control of the9️⃣ ball, such as by dribbling, passing the ball to a teammate, and by taking shots at the goal, which is9️⃣ guarded by the opposing goalkeeper.
Opposing players may try to regain control of the ball by intercepting a pass or through9️⃣ tackling the opponent in possession of the ball; however, physical contact between opponents is restricted.
Football is generally a free-flowing game,9️⃣ with play stopping only when the ball has left the field of play or when play is stopped by the9️⃣ referee for an infringement of the rules.
After a stoppage, play recommences with a specified restart.[90]
A player executing a slide tackle9️⃣ to dispossess an opponent
At a professional level, most matches produce only a few goals.
For example, the 2005–06 season of the9️⃣ English Premier League produced an average of 2.48 goals per match.
[91] The Laws of the Game do not specify any9️⃣ player positions other than goalkeeper,[92] but a number of specialised roles have evolved.
[93] Broadly, these include three main categories: strikers,9️⃣ or forwards, whose main task is to score goals; defenders, who specialise in preventing their opponents from scoring; and midfielders,9️⃣ who dispossess the opposition and keep possession of the ball to pass it to the forwards on their team.
Players in9️⃣ these positions are referred to as outfield players, to distinguish them from the goalkeeper.
These positions are further subdivided according to9️⃣ the area of the field in which the player spends the most time.
For example, there are central defenders and left9️⃣ and right midfielders.
The ten outfield players may be arranged in any combination.
The number of players in each position determines the9️⃣ style of the team's play; more forwards and fewer defenders creates a more aggressive and offensive-minded game, while the reverse9️⃣ creates a slower, more defensive style of play.
While players typically spend most of the game in a specific position, there9️⃣ are few restrictions on player movement, and players can switch positions at any time.
[94] The layout of a team's players9️⃣ is known as a formation.
Defining the team's formation and tactics is usually the prerogative of the team's manager.[95]Laws
"Rules of football"9️⃣ redirects here.
For the rules of other football games, see Football
There are 17 laws in the official Laws of the Game,9️⃣ each containing a collection of stipulations and guidelines.
The same laws are designed to apply to all levels of football for9️⃣ both sexes, although certain modifications for groups such as juniors, seniors and people with physical disabilities are permitted.
[d] The laws9️⃣ are often framed in broad terms, which allow flexibility in their application depending on the nature of the game.
The Laws9️⃣ of the Game are published by FIFA, but are maintained by the IFAB.
[96] In addition to the seventeen laws, numerous9️⃣ IFAB decisions and other directives contribute to the regulation of association football.
[97][98] Within the United States, Major League Soccer used9️⃣ a distinct ruleset during the 1990s[99] and the National Federation of State High School Associations and National Collegiate Athletic Association9️⃣ still use rulesets that are comparable to, but different from, the IFAB Laws.
Players, equipment, and officials
The referee officiates in a9️⃣ football match
Each team consists of a maximum of eleven players (excluding substitutes), one of whom must be the goalkeeper.
Competition rules9️⃣ may state a minimum number of players required to constitute a team, which is usually seven.
Goalkeepers are the only players9️⃣ allowed to play the ball with their hands or arms, provided they do so within the penalty area in front9️⃣ of their own goal.
Though there are a variety of positions in which the outfield (non-goalkeeper) players are strategically placed by9️⃣ a coach, these positions are not defined or required by the Laws.[92]
The basic equipment or kit players are required to9️⃣ wear includes a shirt, shorts, socks, footwear and adequate shin guards.
An athletic supporter and protective cup is highly recommended for9️⃣ male players by medical experts and professionals.
[100][101] Headgear is not a required piece of basic equipment, but players today may9️⃣ choose to wear it to protect themselves from head injury.
[102] Players are forbidden to wear or use anything that is9️⃣ dangerous to themselves or another player, such as jewellery or watches.
The goalkeeper must wear clothing that is easily distinguishable from9️⃣ that worn by the other players and the match officials.[103]
A number of players may be replaced by substitutes during the9️⃣ course of the game.
The maximum number of substitutions permitted in most competitive international and domestic league games is five in9️⃣ 90 minutes,[104] with each team being allowed one more if the game should go into extra-time; the permitted number may9️⃣ vary in other competitions or in friendly matches.
Common reasons for a substitution include injury, tiredness, ineffectiveness, a tactical switch, or9️⃣ timewasting at the end of a finely poised game.
In standard adult matches, a player who has been substituted may not9️⃣ take further part in a match.
[105] IFAB recommends "that a match should not continue if there are fewer than seven9️⃣ players in either team".
Any decision regarding points awarded for abandoned games is left to the individual football associations.[106]
A game is9️⃣ officiated by a referee, who has "full authority to enforce the Laws of the Game in connection with the match9️⃣ to which he has been appointed" (Law 5), and whose decisions are final.
The referee is assisted by two assistant referees.
In9️⃣ many high-level games there is also a fourth official who assists the referee and may replace another official should the9️⃣ need arise.[107]
Goal line technology is used to measure if the whole ball has crossed the goal-line thereby determining whether a9️⃣ goal has been scored or not; this was brought in to prevent controversy.
Video assistant referees (VAR) have also been increasingly9️⃣ introduced in high-level matches to assist officials through video replays to correct clear and obvious mistakes.
There are four types of9️⃣ calls that can be reviewed: mistaken identity in awarding a red or yellow card, goals and whether there was a9️⃣ violation during the buildup, direct red card decisions, and penalty decisions.[108]Ball
The ball is spherical with a circumference of between 689️⃣ and 70 cm (27 and 28 in), a weight in the range of 410 to 450 g (14 to 169️⃣ oz), and a pressure between 0.6 and 1.
1 standard atmospheres (8.5 and 15.
6 pounds per square inch) at sea level.
In9️⃣ the past the ball was made up of leather panels sewn together, with a latex bladder for pressurisation, but modern9️⃣ balls at all levels of the game are now synthetic.[109][110]Pitch
Standard pitch measurements
As the Laws were formulated in England, and were9️⃣ initially administered solely by the four British football associations within IFAB, the standard dimensions of a football pitch were originally9️⃣ expressed in imperial units.
The Laws now express dimensions with approximate metric equivalents (followed by traditional units in brackets), though use9️⃣ of imperial units remains popular in English-speaking countries with a relatively recent history of metrication (or only partial metrication), such9️⃣ as Britain.[111]
The length of the pitch, or field, for international adult matches is in the range of 100–110 m (110–1209️⃣ yd) and the width is in the range of 64–75 m (70–80 yd).
Fields for non-international matches may be 90–120 m9️⃣ (100–130 yd) in length and 45–90 m (50–100 yd) in width, provided that the pitch does not become square.
In 2008,9️⃣ the IFAB initially approved a fixed size of 105 m (115 yd) long and 68 m (74 yd) wide as9️⃣ a standard pitch dimension for international matches;[112] however, this decision was later put on hold and was never actually implemented.[113]
The9️⃣ longer boundary lines are touchlines, while the shorter boundaries (on which the goals are placed) are goal lines.
A rectangular goal9️⃣ is positioned on each goal line, midway between the two touchlines.
[114] The inner edges of the vertical goal posts must9️⃣ be 7.
32 m (24 ft) apart, and the lower edge of the horizontal crossbar supported by the goal posts must9️⃣ be 2.
44 m (8 ft) above the ground.
Nets are usually placed behind the goal, but are not required by the9️⃣ Laws.[115]
In front of the goal is the penalty area.
This area is marked by the goal line, two lines starting on9️⃣ the goal line 16.
5 m (18 yd) from the goalposts and extending 16.
5 m (18 yd) into the pitch perpendicular9️⃣ to the goal line, and a line joining them.
This area has a number of functions, the most prominent being to9️⃣ mark where the goalkeeper may handle the ball and where a penalty foul by a member of the defending team9️⃣ becomes punishable by a penalty kick.
Other markings define the position of the ball or players at kick-offs, goal kicks, penalty9️⃣ kicks and corner kicks.[116]
Duration and tie-breaking methods
90-minute ordinary time
A standard adult football match consists of two halves of 45 minutes9️⃣ each.
Each half runs continuously, meaning that the clock is not stopped when the ball is out of play.
There is usually9️⃣ a 15-minute half-time break between halves.
The end of the match is known as full-time.
[117] The referee is the official timekeeper9️⃣ for the match, and may make an allowance for time lost through substitutions, injured players requiring attention, or other stoppages.
This9️⃣ added time is called "additional time" in FIFA documents,[118][119] but is most commonly referred to as stoppage time or injury9️⃣ time, while lost time can also be used as a synonym.
The duration of stoppage time is at the sole discretion9️⃣ of the referee.
Stoppage time does not fully compensate for the time in which the ball is out of play, and9️⃣ a 90-minute game typically involves about an hour of "effective playing time".
[120][121] The referee alone signals the end of the9️⃣ match.
In matches where a fourth official is appointed, towards the end of the half, the referee signals how many minutes9️⃣ of stoppage time they intend to add.
The fourth official then informs the players and spectators by holding up a board9️⃣ showing this number.
The signalled stoppage time may be further extended by the referee.
[117] Added time was introduced because of an9️⃣ incident which happened in 1891 during a match between Stoke and Aston Villa.
Trailing 1–0 with two minutes remaining, Stoke were9️⃣ awarded a penalty kick.
Villa's goalkeeper deliberately kicked the ball out of play; by the time it was recovered, the clock9️⃣ had run out and the game was over, leaving Stoke unable to attempt the penalty.
[122] The same law also states9️⃣ that the duration of either half is extended until the penalty kick to be taken or retaken is completed; thus,9️⃣ no game can end with an uncompleted penalty.[123]Tie-breaking
Most knockout competitions use a penalty shootout to decide the winner if a9️⃣ match ends as a draw
In league competitions, games may end in a draw.
In knockout competitions where a winner is required,9️⃣ various methods may be employed to break such a deadlock; some competitions may invoke replays.
[124] A game tied at the9️⃣ end of regulation time may go into extra time, which consists of two further 15-minute periods.
If the score is still9️⃣ tied after extra time, some competitions allow the use of penalty shootouts (known officially in the Laws of the Game9️⃣ as "kicks from the penalty mark") to determine which team will progress to the next stage of the tournament or9️⃣ be the champion.
Goals scored during extra time periods count towards the final score of the game, but kicks from the9️⃣ penalty mark are only used to decide the team that progresses to the next part of the tournament, with goals9️⃣ scored in a penalty shootout not making up part of the final score.[5]
In competitions using two-legged matches, each team competes9️⃣ at home once, with an aggregate score from the two matches deciding which team progresses.
Where aggregates are equal, the away9️⃣ goals rule may be used to determine the winners, in which case the winner is the team that scored the9️⃣ most goals in the leg they played away from home.
If the result is still equal, extra time and potentially a9️⃣ penalty shootout are required.[5]
Ball in and out of play
A player takes a free kick, while the opposition form a "wall"9️⃣ to try to block the ball
Under the Laws, the two basic states of play during a game are ball in9️⃣ play and ball out of play.
From the beginning of each playing period with a kick-off until the end of the9️⃣ playing period, the ball is in play at all times, except when either the ball leaves the field of play,9️⃣ or play is stopped by the referee.
When the ball becomes out of play, play is restarted by one of eight9️⃣ restart methods depending on how it went out of play:
Kick-off: following a goal by the opposing team, or to begin9️⃣ each period of play.[90]
Throw-in: when the ball has crossed the touchline; awarded to the opposing team to that which last9️⃣ touched the ball.[125]
Goal kick: when the ball has wholly crossed the goal line without a goal having been scored and9️⃣ having last been touched by a player of the attacking team; awarded to defending team.[126]
Corner kick: when the ball has9️⃣ wholly crossed the goal line without a goal having been scored and having last been touched by a player of9️⃣ the defending team; awarded to attacking team.[127]
Indirect free kick: awarded to the opposing team following "non-penal" fouls, certain technical infringements,9️⃣ or when play is stopped to caution or dismiss an opponent without a specific foul having occurred.
A goal may not9️⃣ be scored directly (without the ball first touching another player) from an indirect free kick.[128]
Direct free kick: awarded to fouled9️⃣ team following certain listed "penal" fouls.
[128] A goal may be scored directly from a direct free kick.
A goal may be9️⃣ scored directly from a direct free kick.
Penalty kick: awarded to the fouled team following a foul usually punishable by a9️⃣ direct free kick but that has occurred within their opponent's penalty area.[129]
Dropped-ball: occurs when the referee has stopped play for9️⃣ any other reason, such as a serious injury to a player, interference by an external party, or a ball becoming9️⃣ defective.
[90]MisconductOn-field
Players are cautioned with a yellow card, and dismissed from the game with a red card.
These colours were first introduced9️⃣ at the 1970 FIFA World Cup and used consistently since.
A foul occurs when a player commits an offence listed in9️⃣ the Laws of the Game while the ball is in play.
The offences that constitute a foul are listed in Law9️⃣ 12.
Handling the ball deliberately, tripping an opponent, or pushing an opponent, are examples of "penal fouls", punishable by a direct9️⃣ free kick or penalty kick depending on where the offence occurred.
Other fouls are punishable by an indirect free kick.[88]
The referee9️⃣ may punish a player's or substitute's misconduct by a caution (yellow card) or dismissal (red card).
A second yellow card in9️⃣ the same game leads to a red card, which results in a dismissal.
A player given a yellow card is said9️⃣ to have been "booked", the referee writing the player's name in their official notebook.
If a player has been dismissed, no9️⃣ substitute can be brought on in their place and the player may not participate in further play.
Misconduct may occur at9️⃣ any time, and while the offences that constitute misconduct are listed, the definitions are broad.
In particular, the offence of "unsporting9️⃣ behaviour" may be used to deal with most events that violate the spirit of the game, even if they are9️⃣ not listed as specific offences.
A referee can show a yellow or red card to a player, substitute, substituted player, and9️⃣ to non-players such as managers and support staff.[88][130]
Rather than stopping play, the referee may allow play to continue if doing9️⃣ so will benefit the team against which an offence has been committed.
This is known as "playing an advantage".
[131] The referee9️⃣ may "call back" play and penalise the original offence if the anticipated advantage does not ensue within "a few seconds".
Even9️⃣ if an offence is not penalised due to advantage being played, the offender may still be sanctioned for misconduct at9️⃣ the next stoppage of play.[132]
The referee's decision in all on-pitch matters is considered final.
[133] The score of a match cannot9️⃣ be altered after the game, even if later evidence shows that decisions (including awards/non-awards of goals) were incorrect.
Off-field
Along with the9️⃣ general administration of the sport, football associations and competition organisers also enforce good conduct in wider aspects of the game,9️⃣ dealing with issues such as comments to the press, clubs' financial management, doping, age fraud and match fixing.
Most competitions enforce9️⃣ mandatory suspensions for players who are sent off in a game.
[134] Some on-field incidents, if considered very serious (such as9️⃣ allegations of racial abuse), may result in competitions deciding to impose heavier sanctions than those normally associated with a red9️⃣ card.
[e] Some associations allow for appeals against player suspensions incurred on-field if clubs feel a referee was incorrect or unduly9️⃣ harsh.[134]
Sanctions for such infractions may be levied on individuals or on clubs as a whole.
Penalties may include fines, point deductions9️⃣ (in league competitions) or even expulsion from competitions.
For example, the English Football League deduct 12 points from any team that9️⃣ enters financial administration.
[135] Among other administrative sanctions are penalties against game forfeiture.
Teams that had forfeited a game or had been9️⃣ forfeited against would be awarded a technical loss or win.
Governing bodies
Headquarters of FIFA, the world governing body of football
The recognised9️⃣ international governing body of football (and associated games, such as futsal and beach soccer)[d] is FIFA.
The FIFA headquarters are located9️⃣ in Zürich, Switzerland.
Six regional confederations are associated with FIFA; these are:[136]
National associations (or national federations) oversee football within individual countries.
These9️⃣ are generally synonymous with sovereign states (for example, the Cameroonian Football Federation in Cameroon), but also include a smaller number9️⃣ of associations responsible for sub-national entities or autonomous regions (for example, the Scottish Football Association in Scotland).
211 national associations are9️⃣ affiliated both with FIFA and with their respective continental confederations.[136]
While FIFA is responsible for arranging competitions and most rules related9️⃣ to international competition, the actual Laws of the Game are set by the IFAB, where each of the UK Associations9️⃣ has one vote, while FIFA collectively has four votes.[42]
International competitions
The FIFA World Cup is the largest international competition in football9️⃣ and the world's most viewed sporting event
International competitions in association football principally consist of two varieties: competitions involving representative national9️⃣ teams or those involving clubs based in multiple nations and national leagues.
International football, without qualification, most often refers to the9️⃣ former.
In the case of international club competition, it is the country of origin of the clubs involved, not the nationalities9️⃣ of their players, that renders the competition international in nature.
The major international competition in football is the World Cup, organised9️⃣ by FIFA.
This competition has taken place every four years since 1930, with the exception of the 1942 and 1946 tournaments,9️⃣ which were cancelled because of World War II.
Approximately 190–200 national teams compete in qualifying tournaments within the scope of continental9️⃣ confederations for a place in the finals.
The finals tournament, held every four years, involves 32 national teams competing over a9️⃣ four-week period.
[f] The World Cup is the most prestigious association football tournament as well as the most widely viewed and9️⃣ followed sporting event in the world, exceeding even the Olympic Games; the cumulative audience of all matches of the 20069️⃣ FIFA World Cup was estimated to be 26.
29 billion with an estimated 715.
1 million people watching the final match, a9️⃣ ninth of the entire population of the planet.
[137][138][139][140] The current champions are Argentina, who won their third title at the9️⃣ 2022 tournament in Qatar.
[141] The FIFA Women's World Cup has been held every four years since 1991.
Under the tournament's current9️⃣ format, national teams vie for 31 slots in a three-year qualification phase, with the host nation's team entering automatically as9️⃣ the 32nd slot.
The current champions are the United States, after winning their fourth title in the 2019 tournament.
Spanish footballers Fernando9️⃣ Torres, Juan Mata, and Sergio Ramos celebrating winning the UEFA European Championship
There has been a football tournament at every Summer9️⃣ Olympic Games since 1900, except at the 1932 games in Los Angeles.
[142] Before the inception of the World Cup, the9️⃣ Olympics (especially during the 1920s) were the most prestigious international event.
Originally, the tournament was for amateurs only.
[41] As professionalism spread9️⃣ around the world, the gap in quality between the World Cup and the Olympics widened.
The countries that benefited most were9️⃣ the Soviet Bloc countries of Eastern Europe, where top athletes were state-sponsored while retaining their status as amateurs.
Between 1948 and9️⃣ 1980, 23 out of 27 Olympic medals were won by Eastern Europe, with only Sweden (gold in 1948 and bronze9️⃣ in 1952), Denmark (bronze in 1948 and silver in 1960) and Japan (bronze in 1968) breaking their dominance.
For the 19849️⃣ Los Angeles Games, the IOC decided to admit professional players.
Since 1992, male competitors must be under 23 years old, although9️⃣ since 1996, three players over the age of 23 have been allowed per squad.
A women's tournament was added in 1996;9️⃣ in contrast to the men's event, full international sides without age restrictions play the women's Olympic tournament.[143]
After the World Cup,9️⃣ the most important international football competitions are the continental championships, which are organised by each continental confederation and contested between9️⃣ national teams.
These are the European Championship (UEFA), the Copa América (CONMEBOL), the African Cup of Nations (CAF), the Asian Cup9️⃣ (AFC), the CONCACAF Gold Cup (CONCACAF) and the OFC Nations Cup (OFC).
The FIFA Confederations Cup was contested by the winners9️⃣ of all six continental championships, the current FIFA World Cup champions and the country which was hosting the next World9️⃣ Cup.
This was generally regarded as a warm-up tournament for the upcoming FIFA World Cup and did not carry the same9️⃣ prestige as the World Cup itself.
The tournament was discontinued following the 2017 edition.
The UEFA Nations League and the CONCACAF Nations9️⃣ League also exist.
The most prestigious competitions in club football are the respective continental championships, which are generally contested between national9️⃣ champions, for example, the UEFA Champions League in Europe and the Copa Libertadores in South America.
The winners of each continental9️⃣ competition contest the FIFA Club World Cup.[144]
Domestic competitions
The governing bodies in each country operate league systems in a domestic season,9️⃣ normally comprising several divisions, in which the teams gain points throughout the season depending on results.
Teams are placed into tables,9️⃣ placing them in order according to points accrued.
Most commonly, each team plays every other team in its league at home9️⃣ and away in each season, in a round-robin tournament.
At the end of a season, the top team is declared the9️⃣ champion.
The top few teams may be promoted to a higher division, and one or more of the teams finishing at9️⃣ the bottom are relegated to a lower division.[146]
The teams finishing at the top of a country's league may also be9️⃣ eligible to play in international club competitions in the following season.
The main exceptions to this system occur in some Latin9️⃣ American leagues, which divide football championships into two sections named Apertura and Clausura (Spanish for Opening and Closing), awarding a9️⃣ champion for each.
[147] The majority of countries supplement the league system with one or more "cup" competitions organised on a9️⃣ knock-out basis.
Some countries' top divisions feature highly paid star players; in smaller countries, lower divisions, and most of women's clubs,9️⃣ players may be part-timers with a second job, or amateurs.
The five top European leagues – Premier League (England),[148] Bundesliga (Germany),9️⃣ La Liga (Spain), Serie A (Italy), and Ligue 1 (France) – attract most of the world's best players and, during9️⃣ the 2006-07 season, each of these leagues had a total wage cost in excess of €600 million.[149]See alsoNotes
Listen to this9️⃣ article ( 30 minutes ) ( ) , and does not reflect subsequent edits.
This audio file was created from a9️⃣ revision of this article dated 5 September 2007, and does not reflect subsequent edits.
Esportiva, pensando em 20 bet casino ajudar os apostadores, elaboraram um ranking com as
melhores casas de apostas esportivas do Brasil.🔔 Para selecionar essas empresas, foram
levados em 20 bet casino consideração diferentes critérios, como: Segurança e confiança,
buscando apenas casas com boa🔔 credibilidade e licenças internacionais;
Promoções e
próxima:tem como apostar na mega da virada online
anterior:convoca??o da sele??o brasileira de hoje
Artigos relacionados
- www flyordie com jogos
- betway como ganhar dinheiro
- apostas online melhores sites
- guia de apostas em futebol
- como criar aposta na bet nacional
- como ser lucrativo na bet365
Link de referência
referências
dicas de apostas sportingbetendereço:Rua Jaqueira,24- Verde Vale, Aparecida de Goiânia GO Brasil
Contate-nos:+55 11 929072853
Toni@TMac-Consulting.com
mcsSupport@TMac-Consulting.com
20 bet casino
